Ancient civilizations approached the concept of madness and mental disorders from a religious and spiritual perspective, as beliefs prevailed that mental illnesses were caused by mysterious forces such as evil spirits, possession by jinn, or the influence of magic and the evil eye. It was also linked to a person losing his mind as a result of the wrath of the gods, which led to the emergence of different social practices for dealing with those afflicted with these conditions, as was prevalent in Egyptian and Babylonian civilizations. These beliefs were reflected in treatment methods, which were characterized by magic, spells, and complex religious rituals. The belief in the influence of supernatural powers remained present for long periods, and with the passage of time these perceptions began to gradually decline in favor of scientific explanations, as the nature of psychological disorders was reconsidered as resulting from brain functions and not from supernatural beings, especially after Hippocrates (460-357 BC) was able to conduct a medical study separate from religion, refuting the idea of evil spirits and confirming the existence of a malfunction in the body's functions and not related to the curse of the gods. He saw that psychological illnesses, like other physical illnesses, stem from internal problems in the body and not from external influences. This shift reflected the development of human understanding of the concept of madness and its causes, and contributed to the development of more effective treatment methods based on scientific foundations, the importance of choosing the research topic lies in tracing the development of the view of madness throughout the ages, as well as understanding the extent of the influence of beliefs on the methods of treating the insane. The research in this topic relied on a historical and critical analysis of the development of concepts related to madness and mental illnesses, with a focus on reviewing the impact of those transformations that occurred on the concept of madness and on the methods of treatment and societal practices.