The Role of Scholars in Iraqi Society During the Abbasid Era (492 AH – 574 AH / 1098 AD – 1178 AD
Abstract
The study examines the social status of scholars in Iraqi society during the Abbasid era (492 AH 574 AH / 1098 AD 1178 AD), considering them as people of sound judgment and opinion within the community. One of the fundamental principles of Islam is the veneration of knowledge and scholars. The scholars, including jurists and religious experts, were not a distinct class but were an integral part of Baghdads society, belonging to both its general and elite social groups.Many scholars emerged during this period, playing a significant role in social life by actively participating in important matters across political, social, and intellectual fields. Their influence extended among both the general public and the elite. As a result, Baghdad produced numerous jurists and scholars in religious, rational, and transmitted sciences.Jurists and religious scholars held a distinguished position in society, receiving special attention from the caliphs and prominent state figures. They were entrusted with high-ranking political and administrative positions alongside their religious duties.Most scholars, jurists, hadith narrators, and Quranic reciters were also engaged in various professions and were known by occupational titles such as Al-Bazzaz (cloth merchant), Al-Dahhan (oil merchant), Al-Attar (perfumer), Al-Jassas (plasterer), Al-Saqq (water carrier), Al-Khabbz (baker), Al-Bann (builder), and many others.During the Abbasid era, jurists and scholars benefited from remarkable social services that provided them with financial, social, and healthcare support. Students of knowledge and scholars were granted special provisions to ensure their well-being in all aspects of life.