Geography has been considered one of the important sciences since ancient times, particularly in the Greek and Roman civilizations. It refers to the depiction and description of the Earth and encompasses mathematical and astronomical geography, as well as physical and human geography. Travelers played a significant role in its development.Ptolemy is considered one of the first to compile a book on geography, in which he described the Earth. There are many definitions of geography as a term, including that it is the science that studies the description of the Earth and its phenomena on its surface, whether on land or water.Muslims were generally interested in geography, particularly in the Islamic East. This interest stemmed from the need to know about lands outside the Islamic state, a curiosity fueled by merchants and travelers who explored the edges of the world. Additionally, Ptolemy's book played an important role in stimulating geographical activity, as it became a key reference for Eastern scholars.For instance, the scholar Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi (d. 232 AH/847 AD) authored a book modeled after Ptolemy's and named it Surat al-Ard (The Picture of the Earth). Ya'qub ibn Ishaq al-Kindi (d. 260 AH/873 AD) translated Ptolemy's Almagest into Arabic, and Thabit ibn Qurra (d. 288 AH/900 AD) also translated the Almagest, producing a better translation than that of al-Kindi.Scholars of the Islamic East, particularly Abu Zayd al-Balkhi (d. 322 AH/934 AD), were able to present a large collection of maps in his book Surat al-Aqalim (The Picture of the Regions). The field of geography in the Islamic East can be divided into two main branches: physical geography and human geography, which are further divided into subfields.Eastern Islamic scholars paid significant attention to these divisions, producing numerous works in every branch. The geographical studies in the Islamic East were more diverse than in other Islamic cities and regions, due to their exposure to the heritage of other nations through translations.The research is divided into an introduction, four main sections, and a conclusion.