This research entitled Islamic literary discourse - Historical identity and critical Attitude treats the problem of the historical belongingness of Islamic literature. It treats this problem in the light of the light of the critical treatment of the literary discourses that are characterized by the Islamic feature beginning from the early Islamic period to the present. The research includes the following issues: 1- The historical belongingness of Islamic literature (concept and cultural Identity). 2- Islamic literary trends: - Classical traditional trends. - Renewing reformative trend. - Mild modernist trend. 3- Critical Attitude to Islamic literature. 4- Conclusion and bibliography. In the conclusion the ability of this Islamic literary discourse to interact, produce and develop his aesthetic instruments is emphasized provided it is given the chance to work freely. Besides, the conceptual logical speculation that apprehend the recognition and the amendment of the defect in it (the discourse). These conceptual problems are to totally technical mistakes.