Ahmed Khalil, Rafid. “Hardware Implementation of Backpropagation Neural Networks on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)”. Al-Rafidain Engineering Journal (AREJ) 16, no. 3 (July 1, 2008): 62–70. Accessed September 27, 2025. https://jwups.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/arej/article/view/31305.